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Abstract Cercophana frauenfeldii Felder (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), also known as the "Andean Moon Moth", is a Neotropical species native to continental Chile whose larvae feed on species of the families Gomortegaceae, Laureaceae and Winteraceae. We describe and document C. frauenfeldii immature stages, namely, egg, its four larval instars, and chaetotaxy of the last instar, pupa and cocoon for the first time. In terms of its phenology, we extend its larval activity, originally described to occur between November and mid-December, to June until the end of January. We report the adult flight period depends on the species' distributional range following two well-differentiated patterns: February to mid-April in Central-North Chile and April to June in Central-South Chile. Furthermore, we provide a unified view of its current distributional range and host plants (including the endangered tree Gomortega keule) through bibliographic data, field observations and laboratory rearing. Finally, we discuss aspects of the species' conservation as part of the unique ecosystems found in the temperate forests of southern South-America.
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Abstract Macaria kruegeri Vargas, Hausmann & Parra sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on adults reared from larvae collected on the shrub Adesmia spinosissima Meyen (Fabaceae) at about 3200 m elevation in the Andes of northern Chile. Macaria kruegeri resembles Macaria alba (Bartlett-Calvert, 1893), described from southern Chile. However, the two species can be accurately separated based on subtle differences in wing pattern and the shape of the valvula of the male genitalia. In addition, there is a DNA barcode divergence (COI gene) of 4.9% between both taxa.
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La Oxitocina es un neuropéptido conocido por facilitar funciones del sistema nervioso periférico, relacionadas específicamente con el sistema reproductivo. Sin embargo, en las últimas décadas se ha reconocido la función moduladora de la Oxitocina en el comportamiento social, a través de su liberación en el sistema nervioso central. Así mismo, estudios han mencionado que la Oxitocina es un potencial ansiolítico cuando un individuo ha sido sometido a estrés social. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de esta revisión es presentar una caracterización de la Oxitocina y su relación con distintas formas de interacción social y el estrés social; a través de los resultados presentados en distintos estudios, tanto en modelos animales como en humanos. Además, se intenta mostrar la importancia de continuar con el estudio de la Oxitocina, dados los posibles vacíos teóricos y experimentales existentes, teniendo en cuenta las potenciales cualidades ansiolíticas de esta hormona.
Oxytocin, a neuropeptide, is known to allow peripheral nervous system functions related specifically to the reproductive system. However, the modulatory function of Oxytocin in social behavior has been recognized in the last decades through its release in the central nervous system. Likewise, some studies have mentioned that Oxytocin is a promising anxiolytic when an individual has been exposed to social stress. Therefore, the objective in this review is to show a characterization of Oxytocin and its relationship with both social interactions and social stress, through results of studies in both animals and humans. Also, this review intends to show the importance of furthering the study of Oxytocin due to the theoretical and experimental voids in its current research, knowing the potential anxiolytic qualities of this hormone.
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Latitudinal gradient effect on the wing geometry of Auca coctei (Guérin) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). When the environmental conditions change locally, the organisms and populations may also change in response to the selection pressure, so that the development of individuals may become affected in different degrees. There have been only a few studies in which the patterns of wing morphology variation have been looked into along a latitudinal gradient by means of geometric morphometrics. The aim of this work was to assess the morphologic differentiation of wing among butterfly populations of the species Auca coctei. For this purpose, 9 sampling locations were used which are representative of the distribution range of the butterfly and cover a wide latitudinal range in Chile. The wing morphology was studied in a total of 202 specimens of A. coctei (150 males and 52 females), based on digitization of 17 morphologic landmarks. The results show variation of wing shape in both sexes; however, for the centroid size there was significant variation only in females. Females show smaller centroid size at higher latitudes, therefore in this study the Bergmann reverse rule is confirmed for females of A. coctei. Our study extends morphologic projections with latitude, suggesting that wing variation is an environmental response from diverse origins and may influence different characteristics of the life history of a butterfly.
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A replacement name for Hualpenia Mundaca, Parra & Vargas (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae). Vihualpenia nom. nov. is proposed as a replacement name for Hualpenia Mundaca, Parra & Vargas, 2013 (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae), in order to remove homonymy with Hualpenia Franz, 1996 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae).
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A new genus and species of leaf miner (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) for Chile associated to the native tree Lithraea caustica. We propose the new genus and species of Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera) Hualpenia lithraeophaga Mundaca, Parra &Vargas gen. nov., sp. nov., leaf miner of Lithraea caustica (Mol.) H. et Arn (Anacardiaceae) occurring in southern central Chile. Aspects of the life cycle, adult and larval morphology, development and feeding habits of the new genus and species are also presented. We emphasise the uniqueness and importance of this new species for broadening the current knowledge on the Chilean fauna of Gracillariidae.
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Heterobathmia pseuderiocrania Kristensen & Nielsen (Lepidoptera, Heterobathmiidae): identification based on DNA-barcoding and notes on the morphology and life history of the immature stages. The larva morphology of the species Heterobathmia pseuderiocrania (Lepidoptera, Heterobathmiidae), a Nothofagus obliqua leafminer in Chile, is described. The tissue-feeding first and last instars are described. Also, the number of larval stages, some aspects of the biology and life cycle of the species are provided.
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A partir de los resultados obtenidos en diversas investigaciones ha podido comprobarse la incidencia de las experiencias violentas y los actos violentos ejercidos sobre otros en el despliegue del conflicto armado colombiano, lo cual afecta la salud mental de los sujetos. En este escrito se busca analizar esta forma de anudamiento entre las experiencias o acciones violentas con los traumatismos psíquicos y síntomas producidos en 36 sujetos -20 víctimas y 16 victimarios- a quienes se les escuchó en consultas psicológicas a través de los programas de la Alta Consejería para la Reintegración, Defensorías del Pueblo del Atlántico y Magdalena y la MAPP-OEA en el marco del proyecto de Investigación (121549326151) nanciado por Colciencias. Se realizaron entre 2 y 7 entrevistas en profundidad con cada uno dependiendo del interés de continuar con el proceso. Se utilizó el diseño de comparación multi-caso y la teoría fundamentada, anudados a partir de una matriz de análisis denominada ARIADGE (Análisis de Respuestas Inmediatas: Actos, Desplazamientos, Guerra y Excepciones). Se organizaron los resultados discursivos en categorías y subcategorías emergentes que representan la producción gradual de conocimientos respecto a la manera en que estos sujetos dieron cuenta de las situaciones traumáticas y los efectos producidos en su psiquismo a causa del conflicto armado desplegado en regiones del Magdalena, Atlántico, Bolívar y Cesar..
On the basis of the results obtained from several studies, the effects of the violent experiences and violent acts exerted on the others in the spread of the armed conict has been proved, affecting subjects' mental health. We study in this paper this type of link between violent actions or experiences and the psychological trauma and symptoms caused in 36 subjects (20 victims and 16 victimizers), who were listened in psychological counseling through Alta Consejería para la Reintegración, Defensorías del Pueblo del Atlántico and MAPP-OEA programmes, in the framework of the 121549326151 investigation project funded by Colciencias. 2 to 7 in-depth interviews were done with each one depending on their interest in going on with the process. Multi-case comparative design and well-founded theory were used linked through an Analysis Matrix called ARIADGE (Immediate Responses Analysis: Acts, Displacement, War and Exceptions). Discursive results were organized in emerging categories and subcategories representing gradual production of knowledge in relation to the way these subjects reported traumatic situations and the effects caused in their psyche because of the armed conict spread in regions of Magdalena, Atlántico, Bolívar and César.
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Los procesos fundamentales de la dinámica embrionaria en el reino animal, y particularmente en los vertebrados, obedecen a un programa genético que solo ha comenzado a comprenderse en los últimos años. Uno de los principales objetivos de los biólogos del desarrollo es develar el misterio de cómo un oocito, después de ser fecundado, se transforma en un organismo multicelular. Esta dinámica requiere la activación de un complejo programa de desarrollo en el que genes específicos se expresan en una secuencia temporal precisa, y en la ubicación correcta, para dar origen a diferentes tipos de tejidos como la piel, músculos y nervios, entre otros. Mediante el estudio de mutantes en Drosophila se han identificado genes que participan en la organización del patrón de desarrollo del embrión, los cuales son activos en las hembras. Asimismo, en los últimos años, gracias a las técnicas moleculares, se han realizado grandes avances en el conocimiento de los mecanismos que controlan este intrincado proceso. Este trabajo plantea diversos aspectos relacionados con la teratogenia asociada a la gastrulación, periodo que es muy sensible a las agresiones, así como el aporte de casos y un análisis de los avances en el conocimiento de los procesos moleculares implicados en la dinámica embrionaria.
The fundamental processes of embryonic dynamics in the animal kingdom and particularly in vertebrates are due to a genetic program that has begun to be understood in recent years. One of the developmental biologists' main goals is to unravel the mystery of how after being fertilized an oocyte becomes a multicellular organism. This dynamic requires activation of a complex development program in which genes are expressed in a temporal, precise sequence and in the correct location to give rise to different types of tissues such as skin, muscles and nerves among others. The genes involved in the embryo development pattern, active in females, have been identified by studying Drosophila mutants. Also, thanks to molecular techniques, advances in understanding the intricate mechanism that control this process have been significant in recent years. This work raises several issues related to teratogenicity associated with gastrulation, embryonic stage sensitive to damages. Also, this work provides study cases and a review of the progress in the understanding of molecular processes involved in embryonic dynamics.
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La capacidad de un organismo para producir un fenotipo ideal, pese a las perturbaciones encontradas durante su desarrollo, es el mecanismo causal de la estabilidad del desarrollo (ED). Esta capacidad es utilizada para evaluar variedad de tipos de estrés y la capacidad genotípica de corregirlos. La herramienta de medición más utilizada para estimar la ED es la asimetría fluctuante (AF), siendo esta una medida de las pequeñas desviaciones al azar que ocurren entre el lado izquierdo y derecho de rasgos bilateralmente simétricos. El estudio de AF, por su simplicidad de manejo y rapidez en la obtención de resultados, se ha convertido en un foco de interés para la biología, y durante los últimos años el aumento en artículos publicados usando AF para evaluar perturbaciones en la ED ha sido progresivo, pero aun así existen muchas interrogantes de cuales son las causas subyacentes que generan la AF. La presente revisión recopila información sobre el avance en los estudios del uso de la AF, su metodología, mecanismos, ventajas y controversias en el tiempo, y propone que es estrictamente necesario generar una mejor comprensión de esta herramienta, producto de eso, la utilización de modelos más exactos de estudio que signifiquen (o justifiquen) un enfoque unificado en el análisis de los patrones en AF y ED.
The ability of an organism to produce an ideal phenotype, despite the disturbances encountered during its development is the causal mechanism of the developmental stability (DS). This ability is used to evaluate a variety of stress types and the genotypic ability to correct them. The measurement tool mostly used to estimate the DS is the fluctuating asymmetry (FA), this being a small measure of random deviations that occur between the left and right sides of bilaterally symmetrical features. The study of FA management in its simplicity and speed in obtaining results has become the focus of interest in biology, and during the last years, and although there has been a progressive increase in published articles using FA to evaluate disturbances in the DS, many questions remain as to what constitutes the underlying causes that generate FA. This review compiles information on the progress in studies of FA use, its methodology, mechanisms, benefits and controversies in time, and proposes that it is strictly necessary to generate a better understanding of this tool, and as a result the use of more precise study models that justify a unified approach to the analysis of patterns in FA and DS.
الموضوعات
Animals , Developmental Biology , Genomic Instability , Genotype , Phenotype , Selection, Geneticالملخص
A new case constructing adelid moth from Chile (Lepidoptera). The adult and larva of Ceromitia tubulifolia sp. nov. are described and illustrated. The larvae seem to be associated with sclerophyllous forest of central Chile. The larvae make a protective case from of a piece of leaf. The name phylloikos is proposed for this form of larval case. A review of the morphology and bionomics of this species are provided.
Uma nova mariposa Adelidae (Lepidoptera) construtora de casulo do Chile. O adulto e a larva de Ceromitia tubulifolia sp. nov. são descritos e ilustrados. As larvas parecem estar associadas à mata esclerófila do Chile central. A larva utiliza um pedaço de folha para construir uma estrutura protetora denominada phylloikos. Comentários sobre aspectos morfológicos e bionômicos da espécie são apresentados.
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Some species of Eunice might reach giant size, often being longer than 2m, and they are known from tropical and temperate seas. Despite their large size and recent internet notoriety, there remain some taxonomic problems in large-sized eunicids, especially since original descriptions were brief and type materials are often missing. As a mean to encourage the solution of this situation, we review the historical progress in the taxonomy of the group, including some comments on generic and specific delineation, and recommend some critical steps to solve the current confusion. These ideally would include collecting in type localities, evaluate ontogenetic morphological changes, and generate some molecular analysis to complement the morphological approach. Rev. Biol. Trop. 59 (4): 1463-1474. Epub 2011 December 01.
Algunas species de Eunice pueden alcanzar tamaño gigantesco, a menudo sobrepasan los 2m de largo, y se conocen de mares tropicales y templados. A pesar de su gran tamaño y de su reciente notoriedad en Internet, todavía hay problemas taxonómicos entre los eunícidos gigantes, especialmente dado que las descripciones originales fueron breves y a menudo se carece de materiales tipo. Para incentivar la solución del problema, revisamos el desarrollo histórico de la taxonomía del grupo y se incluyen algunos comentarios sobre la delineación de los géneros y de las especies y recomendamos algunos pasos críticos para alcanzar este fin. Idealmente, esto incluiría recolectar en las localidades tipo, evaluar cambios morfológicos durante la ontogenia y generar algunos análisis moleculares para complementar el enfoque morfológico.
الموضوعات
Animals , Polychaeta/anatomy & histology , Polychaeta/classification , Body Size , Oceans and Seas , Polychaeta/genetics , Species Specificity , Terminology as Topicالملخص
In order to describe the developmental biology of the tick Argas neghmei Kohls & Hoogstraal under laboratory conditions, 40 females and 40 males were collected from chicken coops located in Calama (II Region, Chile). They were fed on chickens and maintained under two laboratory conditions: one group at 30 ± 5 ºC and 35 ± 5 percent RH and another at 27 ± 5 ºC and 80 ± 5 percent RH, both at 12: 12 h L:D photoperiod. The ticks were observed daily to determine larval feeding periods, preoviposition, oviposition, egg incubation as well as the frequency of egg laying, number of eggs laid, and percentage of larval hatching. Females did not lay eggs at 80 ± 5 percent RH, and data on the biology of this tick was obtained only at 35 ± 5 percent RH. The life cycle of A. neghmei lasted an average of 269 days. Feeding period of each nymphal stage as well as of adult females between oviposition events lasted less than a day. Females laid on average 1.8 egg batches and egg-laying period lasted on average 14 days, during which about 96 eggs were laid per female.
الموضوعات
Animals , Female , Male , Argasidae/growth & development , Life Cycle Stages , Laboratoriesالملخص
Estudio filogenético de los géneros de Lithinini de Sudamérica Austral (Lepidoptera, Geometridae): una nueva clasificación. Se evalúa la taxonomía de la tribu Lithinini de Sudamérica Austral sobre la base de un análisis filogenético. Para el análisis se utilizó a Catophoenissa como grupo externo. Se usaron dos aproximaciones filogenéticas para evaluar las relaciones de parentesco: 1) criterio de parsimonia; e 2) inferencia bayesiana. El análisis de parsimonia se realizó a través del programa PAUP y el análisis bayesiano con cadenas de Markov y Monte Carlo a través del programa BayesPhylogenies. Los resultados generados a partir de la hipótesis filogenética permiten proponer una nueva taxonomía para los Lithinini de Sudamérica Austral. Los géneros validos son: Asestra Warren, Acauro Rindge, Calta Rindge, Euclidiodes Warren, Franciscoia Orfila y Schajovskoy, Incalvertia Bartlett-Calvert, Lacaria Orfila y Schajovskoy, Laneco Rindge, Maeandrogonaria Butler, Martindoelloia Orfila y Schajovskoy, Nucara Rindge, Odontothera Butler, Proteopharmacis Warren, Psilaspilates Butler, Rhinoligia Warren, Tanagridia Butler. Los principales cambios respecto de ordenamientos taxonómicos previos son: 1) Yalpa Rindge, es tratado como sinónimo junior de Odontothera. 2) El género Rhinoligia Warren es incorporado a los Lithinini; 3) Se reafirma que Siopla Rindge es sinónimo junior de Asestra, Yapoma Rindge y Duraglia Rindge son sinónimos de Euclidiodes Warren, mientras que Callemo Rindge y Guara Rindge son sinónimos de Tanagridia; 4) Los géneros Calta Rindge, Incalvertia Rindge, Odontothera Butler y Proteopharmacis Warren, sinonimizados por Pitkin, son redefinidos, revalidados e incorporados a la tribu Lithinini. Se describe una nueva especie para el género Franciscoia, F. ediliae Parra. Se incluye un catálogo con los géneros y especies de la tribu de la región, más las figuras de los adultos y genitalias de las principales especies.
In this work we evaluate the taxonomy of the Lithinini of Austral South America based on a phylogenetic analysis. In our analysis we used outgroup Catophoenissa. Two approaches were used to evaluate phylogenetic relationships: 1) parsimony criterion, and 2) Bayesian inference. Parsimony analysis was conducted in PAUP software, and Bayesian analysis with Markov chains Monte Carlo using the BayesPhylogenies software. Our results based on the phylogenetic hypothesis suggest a new taxonomic order for Austral American Lithinini. The valid genera are: Asestra Warren, Acauro Rindge, Calta Rindge, Euclidiodes Warren, Franciscoia Orfila and Schajovskoy, Incalvertia Bartlett-Calvert, Lacaria Orfila and Schajovskoy, Laneco Rindge, Maeandrogonaria Butler, Martindoelloia Orfila and Schajovskoy, Nucara Rindge, Odontothera Butler, Proteopharmacis Warren, Psilaspilates Butler, Rhinoligia Warren and Tanagridia Butler. The main changes with respect to the previous taxonomic order are: 1) Yalpa Rindge is the synonymous junior of Odontothera; 2) the genus Rhinoligia Warren is incorporated into the Lithinini; 3) while our analysis reaffirms that Siopla Rindge is junior synonym of Asestra, Yapoma Rindge and Duraglia Rindge are synonymous of Euclidiodes Warren, while Callemo Rindge and Guara Rindge are synonymous of Tanagridia; 4) the genus Calta Rindge, Incalvertia Rindge, Odontothera Butler and Proteopharmacis Warren, synonymized by Pitkin, are redefined, revalidated and incorporated into the Lithinini tribe. A new species for the genus Franciscoia, F. ediliae Parra is described. A catalogue of the genera and species of the tribe in the region, and the figures of adults and genitalia of some species are included.
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Los pacientes diabéticos con discapacidad necesitan frecuentemente de cuidados de terceros. Estos cuidados son ofrecidos por familiares que carecen de orientación adecuada. Ambos grupos tienen necesidades que deben ser definidas. Identificar las necesidades básicas, tanto de los diabéticos con discapacidad y de sus cuidadores. Se realizaron 2 encuestas, 1) dirigida a diabéticos con discapacidad pacientes diabéticos 2) dirigida a sus cuidadores. Se analizaron necesidades de conocimientos, afecto, conductas y capacidad de identificar la necesidad de tener un cuidador o de ser cuidado, y se interrogó sobre las solicitudes que harían al médico. Se realizó descripción de la muestra y comparación de las respuestas entre géneros. Se evaluaron 80 pacientes, 66% mujeres y 44% hombres, y 71 cuidadores, 86% mujeres y 14% hombres. La edad de los pacientes estuvo entre 38 y 90 años, con una media de 63,66 ± 13,28 DS, y en los cuidadores entre 19 y 69 años, con una media de 47,56 ± 12,69 DS. Se encontró que existían 3,75 razones por cuidador para realizar su rol. Entre los pacientes, el promedio general fue de 3,52, en los hombres 9,91 razones y las mujeres en 2,5. Las necesidades entre ambos grupos fueron similares; predominó la necesidad de conocimiento, afecto y forma de actuar en determinadas situaciones clínicas. El 41% de los pacientes tenía alguna petición al médico sobre sus necesidades; el 61% de ellas fue sobre educación; el 68% de los cuidadores solicitó: educación (36,7 %) y 24,2% sobre las necesidades propias del cuidador como persona. Se necesita un nuevo abordaje sobre la condición paciente y cuidador, pues tienen necesidades comunes y particulares...
Diabetic patients with disabilities often need care from others. This care is often proportioned by relatives who lack proper guidance. To identify the basic needs of diabetic patients with disabilities and their caregivers. We conducted two surveys, 1) aimed at disabled diabetic patients and 2) directed to their caregivers. We defined the need for knowledge, affection, behavior and ability to identify the need for a caregiver, and what would be asked from the physicians. A description of the sample and comparison of responses between the sexes was performed. We evaluated 80 patients, 66% women and 44% men, and 71 caregivers, 86% female and 14% male. The age of the patients was 38 - 90 years (mean of 63.66 ± 13.28 DS); the age of the caregivers was 19 - 69 years (mean of 47.56 ± 12.69 SD.) We found 3.75 reasons per caregiver to perform that role. The average numbers of reasons for the patients to have a caregiver were 3.52 (9.91 reasons for men and 2.5 for women). The requirements were similar between both groups: the prevailing need was for knowledge, affection and how to react in certain clinical conditions. 41% of the patients had at least one petition to the physician about their needs, 61% on education. The caregivers also had requests in 68%, of which 36.7% were on education and 24.2 % on the caregiver's own needs as an individual. A new approach on the patient and caregiver status are needed. The male patient has great expectations of the caregiver and the caregiver has specific conditions that warrant special attention regarding education and personalized guidance...
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis , Medical Chaperones , Needs Assessment , Disabled Persons/psychologyالملخص
Ovo, larva e pupa de Chrismopteryx undularia (Blanchard, 1852) (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae) são descritos e ilustrados.
Egg, larva and pupa of Chrismopteryx undularia (Blanchard, 1852) (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae) are described and illustrated.
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Se efectuó una prospección de larvas de lepidópteros antófagos asociados a Acacia macracantha Willd. (Fabaceae) en dos valles costeros del norte de Chile: Azapa y Chaca. Fueron registradas ocho especies, distribuidas en ocho géneros y cinco familias. La composición de especies del ensamble fue la misma en las dos localidades. Sin embargo, la abundancia del ensamble y la abundancia por especie fueron diferentes entre los valles.
A survey of anthophagous lepidopteran larvae associated with Acacia macracantha Willd. (Fabaceae) was made in two coastal valleys from northern Chile: Azapa and Chaca. Eight species, distributed in eight genera and five families, were recorded in the areas. Species composition was the same for both localities. However, assemblage abundance and species abundance were different between the valleys.
الموضوعات
Animals , Biodiversity , Ecology , Fabaceae , Lepidoptera , Chile , Larvaالملخص
Objetivo: Establecer la concordancia en cuanto al cálculo de la concentración plasmática, entre los nomogramas (Remifentanil-Propofol) y los sistemas computarizados. Métodos: Se diseñaron nomogramas de remifentanil y propofol basados en los modelos farmacocinéticos de Marsh y Minto respectivamente. Se realizó un estudio analítico de corte transversal de la siguiente forma: Se tomaron 66 muestras en 11 pacientes a quienes se les administró TIVA. A las muestras se les cálculo la concentración plasmática (CP) por medio del simulador Rugloop®. Luego, un observador ciego con la tasa de infusión, los nomogramas y las variables de peso y talla, calculó la CP. Posteriormente se evaluó la concordancia entre los dos métodos. Métodos estadísticos: Análisis de correlación y regresión lineal. Análisis de varianza para probar la bondad de ajuste del modelo de regresión. Nivel de significación estadística α=0.01. Resultados: El coeficiente de correlación de Pearson entre los sistemas computarizados (SC) y los nomogramas es de 0.96 [IC 95% (0.87-1) y 0,87 [IC 95% (0,75-1)] para el remifentanil y el propofol respectivamente, valor_p<0.001. Conclusiones: La correlación entre los nomogramas y los sistemas computarizados es significantemente alta. Los nomogramas que hemos diseñado son una herramienta adecuada para estimar la concentración plasmática de remifentanil y propofol de una manera precisa, fácil y económica.
Objective: To stablish the concordance of the Plasma Concentration obtained using nomograms for Remifentanil and Propofol vs. Computerized systems.Methods: Using the pharmacokinetic models of Marsh and Minto, we designed nomograms for remifentanil and porpofol respectively. We conducted a cross sectional analytic study as follows: we obtained Sixty-six samples from eleven patients who underwent procedures under total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA). Using the Rugloop software we calculated the plasma concentration from the samples. A blind observer also calculated the plasma concentrations using the data from the infusion rate, the nomograms and the height and weight of each patient. Later the concordance between the two methods was evaluated. Statistical Methods: Linear regression correlation analysis. We used analysis of variance in order to test the goodness of adjustment of the regression model. Level of statistical significance α = 0.01.Results. Pearsons correlation coefficient between the computerized systems and nomograms is 0.96 [CI 95% (0.87-1)] y 0.87 [CI 95% (0.75-1)] for remifentanil and propofol respectively (p value < 0.001). Conclusions. Theres a significantly high correlation between the nomograms and the computerized systems.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Anesthesia, Intravenous , Nomograms , Propofol , Anesthesia, Intravenousالملخص
BACKGROUND: We undertook this study to describe the clinical characteristics of primary benign chest wall tumors and to evaluate the results of surgical treatment. METHODS: We included patients with primary benign chest wall tumors who underwent surgical resection at the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología from January 1990 to December 2002. All patients had histological confirmation of benign tumor. Descriptive analysis was carried out. RESULTS: There were 17 patients, nine women (53%), with an average age of 35.1 years (interval 16-66 years). The most frequent tumor was chondroma in seven cases (41%), followed by aponeurotic-muscle fibromatosis in five (30%) and the remaining five patients had other tumor types. All patients were subject to thoracic wall resection, including at least one rib in each patient. In three patients the sternum was resected (17.6%), the clavicle in two (11.7%), thoracic vertebrae in one (5.9%) and associated structures in four patients (23.5%). In eight patients (47%) the thoracic wall was reconstructed with marlex mesh, whereas the remaining patients required no reconstruction. Of the 17 patients, 16 are alive without disease and one presented delayed recurrence with an aponeurotic-muscle fibromatosis requiring a new thoracic wall resection. One patient presented with respiratory complications and died after 42 days due to thoracic wall instability. Average follow-up time was 103 months. CONCLUSIONS: Primary benign chest wall tumors are locally aggressive and must be treated with wide resection of the thoracic wall. In addition, surgical reconstruction with prosthetic materials and/or myocutaneous flaps is done prior to resection, for stability of the thorax when the localization is anterior or lateral.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Thoracic Neoplasms/surgery , Thoracic Wall/surgery , Treatment Outcomeالملخص
Mediante el empleo de técnicas de PCR-RFLP, se caracterizaron tres cepas de tripanosomas aisladas de bovinos de diferentes regiones de Colombia, a partir de amplificaciones de la región 18S de la subunidad ribosomal del rDNA del parásito, para lo cual se emplearon para el PCR inicial, los primers específicos: nF2 y nR3 y sobre el producto obtenido de 756 pb, se realizó un PCR semianidado con los primers NF2 y NR2 de la misma región, obteniéndose un producto 650 pb sobre el cual se realizó el análisis de restricción con las enzimas MspI y Eco57I,lo que permitió clasificar las tres cepas analizadas como Trypanosoma vivax, Tripanosoma evansi y Trypanosoma theileri. El estudio morfométrico permitió corroborar diferencias morfológicas entre los parásitos clasificados. Se discute el uso de la técnica de PCR-RFLPs como herramienta diagnóstica de la tripanosomosis bovina en Colombia...